agricola, pecuaria y forestal.

PIGS 

HISTORY

The pig or boar-pig descends Eurasia. The adult male is the 'boar', the female 'slut' and the young are called piglets.

The pig is fed all types of organic substance and food waste man ... Or delicatessen, when it is factory farming.

It is believed that the pig is one of the first animals used by humans for consumption. Domestication dates back 4900 years BC. The pigs were divided into three groups:

Asian pigs: Their Derivatives vitatus, these races are native to China and Indonesia.

Nordic pigs: Sus scrofa ferus derivatives, breeds originating in central and northern Europe.

Mediterranean Pigs: Their Derivatives mediterraneus, these races are from the Mediterranean.

RACES 

Duroc pigs

Origin:

Is a pig from the United States of America.

Features:

Its coat is usually red in all its shades.

Very prolific.

It is an animal that is well adapted to existing conditions.

Good development of hams.

Production parameters:

The female weighs 380 kg and males 450 kg.

The number of piglets per litter is 10 on average.

The carcass yield is 81%. 

Pigs Landras

Origin:

Pork is a native of Denmark.

Features:

This breed is very prolific and excellent milk production, so offspring are usually very vigorozas.

They are very docile animals which makes working with them.

Excellent feed conversion, daily gain good.

Production parameters:

Sows can weigh up to 310 kg and males about 400 kg.

The litters varying between 9 and 11 piglets on average.

The channel performance is of 81% approximately.

Pigs Pietran

Origin:

Belgium is a native pig.

Features:

It's a bit prolific race.

They grow slowly.

Produce very tasty lean meat.

Good development loin and hams.

Production parameters:

The female weighs 280 kg and males 300 kg.

The number of piglets per litter on average is 9.

The carcass yield is 77%.

Yorkshire pigs

Origin:

Pork is a native of Yorkshire in England.

Features:

• Very good mothering ability.

• Numerous piglets per litter.

• Excellent feed conversion rate.

• Production of lean meat.

• prolific.

• Widely used as the maternal line.

Production parameters:

• Females weigh on average 350 kg and males up to 420 kg.

• The litter size varies between 9 and 11 piglets.

• The carcass yield is 82% approximately.

AGRICOLA 

ORIGIN AND HISTORY OF BANANA

For different ways to participate in food: cooked (green or ripe) or fresh fruit, for its dual role: food and medicine have been mitigated by the human hunger for centuries and have conquered the world, the kind of Banana is considered the king of vegetables.

Bananas and plantains are the number one fruit crop in the world, both in terms of production, about 98 million tons, and trade, valued at over U.S. $ 4,306 million.

It is considered that the banana is known internationally as the fruit of the Banana, was one of the first fruits cultivated by man, the oldest references concerning Bananas are in the Ramayana, an epic poem written in Sanskrit centuries.

The magnificent Borobudur Buddhist temple, built in Central Java, Indonesia, about 850 BC, shows bananas carved stone Buddha offered to the god.

The victorious armies of Alexander the Great described cultivation in the lower valley of the Hindus in India, in 327 BC, where there were already references written between 600-500.

Southern China is another area where the cultivation of Banana and Plantain goes back to ancient times, the writings of the reigning period of the Han Dynasty (206-220), mentioned that the cultivation of Banana and Plantain practiced for over 2000 years. Since ancient times, its long history of domestication in India and China, and the wide range of dessert and cooking cultivars that are in those countries, some writers believed that bananas and plantains were there originally.

Banana diseases

The higher incidence of disease and further damage to the general Musa are black Sigatoka, Sigatoka disease, elephantiasis, viruses and Moko. We must understand the difference between pests and disease as the plague usually represents an attack of insects and other "bugs" and disease, refers to fungi and bacteria.

Black Sigatoka

Black Sigatoka, treat it in a separate chapter and Yellow Sigatoka (Micosphaerella mussicolla) is a slightly less aggressive fungus, but nevertheless attacks the plant leaf, influencing the production and bunch weight. There are some varieties of Musa yellow sigatoka resistant as most bananas. These fungi, classified as cercósporas modified, affecting the photosynthetic production and cause premature ripening step cluster, affecting the quality of the fruit in the long haul markets such as export. The checks aims disease, when the plant is at least 10 sheets at the time of belloteo and six at the time dela harvest.

Moko

Systemic disease is destructive, more severely and more aggressive that can affect a crop of Musa, including plantains, bananas and heliconias. It is produced by the bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum, from the Solanaceae such as tomato, pepper and potato, is transmitted by vectors and on the ground. Internal symptoms are manifested in the corm and affects all vascular lesions occurring as spots and points with color ranging from yellow to dark brown.

BANANA PEST

Banana black weevil

Scientific name: sordidus.

Classification: This insect can be easily identified by its dark brown color and the size of 1 cm. in length.

Life cycle: This insect makes Holometabola or complete metamorphosis.

Injuries and damage: The only damaging is the larval stage. The larvae bore into the mouths chewing banana corm around inside and stop circulation to the rest of the plant as nutrients absorbed by roots. Sometimes also drilled areas around the stem, but usually do not penetrate deeply into it, at least in growing plants.

In severely attacked plants, the central leaves sprout, grow slowly, the stem grows long and small diameter, no yellowing of the leaves, the fruits are not fully developed and maturity is premature. There can be no fruiting and rapid aging of the plant.

Plants perforated yams, despite showing no evidence of the attack, weaken in their support, so much so, that the wind easily tomb is, fall under the weight of the bunch, the level break floor, where it is noted that the rupture zone is drilled from one place to another by irregular tunnels which are insect larvae.

 Banana Thrips

Scientific name: Franckliniella cubensis Hood.

The description of this insect is in the cultivation of cassava, here only explain the damage caused in the banana.

Injuries and damages: banana thrips oviposition in young fruit at maturity produces spots or brown spots. If you attack is strong, the fruit's skin becomes rough and cracked, and the flesh becomes dry in texture. When the attack is mild, it affects his presence, but does not cause changes in eating qualities. The attack of thrips can be observed when the banana is in bloom.

FORESTAL 

History of the timber. Wood is a natural organic material with a cellular structure, wood is called the set of tissues that form the trunk, roots and branches of woody plants, excluding the crust. These are classified in wood of conifers and hardwood timber. Conifers are species belonging to the order confiérales (fir, spruce, larch, cedar, pine, etc..) Belonging to gymnosperms. The hardwoods are woody dicotyledonous angiosperms belonging to (oak, elm, oak, etc..)

Wood properties. Wood is not a homogeneous material, but consists of a set of specialized cells in tissues that perform essential functions of the plant: 'The conduct of the sap. -The processing and storage of products and support plant life. This heterogeneity in the timber is reflected in their physical and mechanical properties.

Physical Properties. The wood can be hard and soft as the tree from which they are obtained. The wood of deciduous trees is called hardwood and softwood Softwood is called, regardless of its hardness. Thus many softwoods are harder than hardwoods calls. Hardwoods have long continuous vessels along the trunk and not soft, soil extracted elements are transported from cell to cell. The nodes are areas of the trunk in which the base is formed of a branch. When the timber is cut into boards knots are discontinuities or irregularities that appear circular in sales. These tend to weaken the tables and leave holes, so it is not required, unless resulting colorful for decorative use, covering or furniture.

 

Mechanical Properties. The mechanical properties include the structural possibilities of the wood, it must take into account the strength, hardness, stiffness and density. The timber has the following mechanical properties:-Very high flexural strength, resilience, good tensile and compressive strength parallel to the fiber. Low-shear strength. -Very little resistance to compression and tension perpendicular to the grain. -Low modulus of elasticity than the concrete half to twenty times less than steel. The resistance depends on how dry the wood is and the direction it is cut with respect to the grain. The wood is always much stronger when cut in the direction of the grain, which is why the tables and other objects like poles and handles are cut well. The high compression strength is needed for building foundations and brackets. The flexural strength is critical in the use of wooden structures, such as joists and studs all beams. The oak for example, is very resistant to bending but weaker compression.